 It has been over a month since Donald Trump acquiesced to pressure from Israel’s Benjamin Netanyahu and plunged the United States into another war in the Middle East. Called “Operation Epic Fury” by the US Pentagon, the massive missile and aerial bombardment of targets within Iran by the United States and Israel shows no signs of letup. Since the start of the operation on February 28, the timelines and objectives of the mission have steadily shifted, and all the while members of Congress and the general public have been kept mostly in the dark. The dogged resistance by the Iranians, the involvement of other Gulf states, and the worldwide economic fallout were neither anticipated nor planned for. That’s what happens when real estate developers and T.V. personalities manage military operations in one of the most contentious regions of the world. Passover and Easter celebrations in Israel and around the world will once again be darkened by the destruction, violence and hatred of war. Let’s examine some of the implications of this unholy war.  Trump’s Justification for War: As the war enters its fifth week, the justifications for it have shifted along with the mission and timelines. In a Truth Social video post on February 28, Trump informed the American people and the world that military actions against Iran had commenced in response to decades of Iranian aggression and to liberate the Iranian people. According to the post, the mission would destroy Iran’s missiles, missile industry, and the “imminent” nuclear threat posed by Iran. Mike Waltz, the US ambassador to the United Nations, called the military action legal by virtue of the United States’ right to self-defense. He argued that Iran’s missile stockpiles and nuclear ambitions posed a direct threat to American forces and other strategic assets in the region. Secretary of State Marco Rubio let slip the real reason for the military action against Iran. In a briefing to members of Congress, Rubio stated that the military action was the result of Israel’s decision to strike Iran. According to Rubio, “We knew that there was going to be an Israeli action. We knew that that would precipitate an attack against American forces, and we knew that if we didn’t preemptively go after them before they launched those attacks, we would suffer higher casualties.” This war was not started to liberate the Iranian people, or to achieve peace throughout the Middle East and the world, as proclaimed by Trump. There was no imminent threat to America or to Israel. Trump’s hand had been forced by Israel’s desire to strike a blow against its fiercest enemy. Past U.S. presidents knew that Israel would never initiate an aggressive military action against Iran without the approval and backing of the United States. They recognized the grave consequences of initiating a war against Iran and were able to moderate Israel’s aggressive stance. Trump claims to be the only president with courage enough to take on Iran. More likely, he is the only president with the stupidity and gullibility to go to war against Iran. Trump is the unwitting partner in Israel’s desire to destroy Iran’s theocratic regime, military capabilities and nuclear ambitions.  Unintended Consequences: The Trump administration seems to have learned nothing about radical theocracy from the decades of war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Buoyed by the relative ease and swiftness of the military’s operation to extract Venezuelan president Nicolas Maduro, Trump has been caught flat footed and is perplexed by the calamity unfolding in the Middle East. Iran’s Supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and several other top leaders were killed in the first days of the war. Israel continues to target Iranian leaders, but the regime hasn’t fallen and the anticipated protests and mass uprisings against the regime haven’t occurred. Deadly retaliatory missile and drone strikes by the Iranian military and Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps have expanded the conflict to many other regional states. These include Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Jordan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and the U.A.E. Vital oil and natural gas infrastructure around the Persian Gulf have been damaged or destroyed, and oil tanker traffic has come to a standstill. Iranian actions have closed the Strait of Hormuz, preventing the transshipment of nearly 20% of the world’s daily supply of oil and liquid natural gas.
Nearly every country in the world is dealing with the economic fallout of the spike in energy prices. Since the start of the war, the price of a barrel of oil (Brent crude) has increased from $73 to $114 (3/31/26), and the average cost of a gallon of gasoline in the U.S. has risen by $1.00. Energy reserves around the world are diminishing rapidly, supply chains are being disrupted, and prices for commodities and everyday goods have increased due to spikes in transportation fuels and vital inputs such as fertilizer. The disruption to transportation routes around the world puts further pressure on prices, increasing the likelihood that many economies around the world will fall into recession. Even if the war ends today, energy prices will remain high well into the future due to the damaged energy infrastructure around the Gulf. Financial markets around the world have been rattled by events in the Middle East. Since the start of the war an estimated $11.5 trillion in value has been erased from global financial markets. Major stock indices in the U.S. have dropped about 8% since February 28, and as uncertainty about the war continues so will volatility in the stock and bond markets.  No Clear Path Forward: With no clear path forward, Trump has ordered thousands of additional Marines, sailors and paratroopers to the Middle East to provide more military options. This move has increased tensions in the region and provides more targets for Iranian drones and missiles. With the lack of seasoned (and reasoned) leadership at the top, the U.S. finds itself at a distinct disadvantage. All the while, Trump is being pressured by the Israelis and Saudis to continue the war while he desperately seeks an off ramp. Israel needs more time to defeat Hezbollah in Lebanon, and to expand its territory further into Lebanon to create a buffer zone against attacks from the north. Israel also needs U.S. support to continue its bombing campaign against Iran to destabilize the country, with the hope of toppling its regime once and for all. The Saudis are leaning on Trump to continue the war with the goal of destroying Iran’s hardline government. The Saudis view the radical ideology of Iran’s leaders as a threat to the stability of the region and therefore, a threat to Saudi Arabia’s financial interests.
Trump has vacillated from demanding “unconditional surrender” from the Iranians to cutting a “very good” deal with them. It remains unclear to this day who in the Iranian regime is even authorized to cut a deal. The Iranian leadership might have changed, but the radical regime is still in place. Trump has repeatedly claimed to have “won the war”, but the Iranians have not gotten the message. They have effectively closed the Strait of Hormuz and continue to inflict damage around the Gulf. Trump’s lack of foresight, knowledge, and preplanning has created a very dangerous situation for the country and the world. Other presidents would have recognized the danger and avoided it. Now may be the time for Trump to tell the Israel’s to quickly wrap things up, declare that military operations have destroyed Iran’s military capabilities and curtailed their nuclear ambitions, and move on to pressing issues at home.  Winners and Losers: In war there are rarely any real winners. The human toll, destruction of property and natural resources, and huge expenditures of capital, are difficult to comprehend and hard to justify. Innocent civilians on all sides of the conflict have been killed, maimed and displaced. Over two dozen members of the U.S. military have already been killed in the current conflict and hundreds more have been wounded. Tens of billions of dollars have been spent on Trump’s war and billions more will be appropriated in the weeks to come. These are taxpayer dollars that could have been better spent at home for healthcare and other needed social programs. The Iranian people have suffered greatly under U.S. and Israeli bombs. Many have been killed or wounded, homes and vital infrastructure have been destroyed, and the oppressive regime under which they live seems to have been more hardened. As with other Middle Eastern wars, a whole new generation of radicalized youth will rise in opposition to the U.S. for what it did to their families and homeland. Russia is emerging as the biggest winner because of the war against Iran. The world’s attention and resources have been diverted from Russia’s war against Ukraine. Money and munitions needed by Ukraine to defend itself have been redirected to the Middle East, and as the price of oil increases so do Russia’s coffers. To offset the decline in flows of Middle East oil, Trump lifted sanctions on the purchase of Russian oil, further increasing its windfall profits.  Russia also benefits strategically by the war. Relations between the U.S. and other NATO allies have become further strained. NATO was kept in the dark about the war and members are not about to get dragged into Trump’s conflict in the Middle East. NATO allies refused Trump’s request to assist him in keeping the Strait of Hormuz open, sending him into fits of rage and all-caps rants on Truth Social.  As U.S. troops amass in the Middle East, and with no clear off ramp for Trump, at least he succeeded in changing the narrative away from the Epstein files. Unless you have been at an airport recently you may have even forgotten that the federal government is in a partial shutdown. But it’s not so easy to forget the sky-high gasoline prices, escalating food prices, and plunging stock market. Trump was elected president with the promise to lower prices and keep us out of foreign wars. How did that work out? The American people didn’t want this war, our national security didn’t require it, and our Congress and strategic allies were not consulted beforehand. To add insult to injury Russia benefits from this war to the detriment of Ukraine. Wars are serious business and should only be undertaken as a last resort by professionals who understand the immediate and long-term costs. Wars, particularly those in the Middle East, inevitably lead to further instability and garner more hatred. True leaders show restraint in the use of military power, especially when they command overwhelming military might. Leadership is in short supply at the highest levels of our government, damaging the prestige and moral authority of the United States. It shouldn’t be a surprise that bad things happen when a country elects a president who is unqualified and immoral, and who has never read a history book or a bible.  If you enjoy reading this type of commentary please subscribe to my blog and tell a friend. You will receive an email notification when new blogs are posted. The email will come from the site’s email: armchairamerican1776 American @gmail.com.
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 The Russian invasion of Ukraine started nine months ago and has not gone according to Vladimir Putin’s military plans. After several military setbacks, it has turned into a brutal war of ruthless destruction on Ukraine’s non-military infrastructure and civilian populations.
In October the Russians escalated their destruction of energy infrastructure across Ukraine using missiles and drones. Last week Russia launched its largest missile attack to date, hitting power plants, substations, natural gas facilities, and waterworks. Over 50% of Ukraine’s energy infrastructure has been damaged, leaving widespread blackouts and millions of civilians without heat, power or water. On November 15, 2022 a missile hit the Polish village of Prezewodow, about four miles from the Ukrainian border. The subsequent explosion killed two people. Initially the missile was reported to have been launched by Russian forces. This triggered an intense 24-hour investigation into the incident by NATO officials and NATO member Poland. A deliberate attack by Russia on Poland would have triggered a response by the NATO Alliance, possibly dragging the United States into the war.  Russia denied responsibility for the missile explosion in Poland, but the missile was Russian made, heightening tensions between Russian and NATO countries. Fortunately, tensions quickly subsided when the following day a top NATO official and Poland’s president reported that a Ukrainian air-defense missile, not a Russian weapon, had most likely caused the deadly explosion on Polish territory. Air defense systems within the Ukraine were activated on November 15th in response to Russia’s biggest wave of missile strikes of the war. Ukraine fired many surface-to-air missiles that day to shoot down the Russian missiles, and one accidentally landed in Poland. Allies quickly came to Ukraine’s defense, pointing the blame squarely at Russia. “Let me be clear. This is not Ukraine’s fault,” said Jens Stoltenberg, the NATO secretary general. “Russia bears ultimate responsibility as it continues its illegal war against Ukraine.” A statement from the White House said “it is clear that the party ultimately responsible for this tragic incident is Russia, which launched a barrage of missiles on Ukraine specifically intended to target civilian infrastructure. Ukraine had, and has, every right to defend itself”.
Deliberate attacks on civilians or the infrastructure vital to their survival are war crimes as defined by the 1949 Geneva Conventions and ratified by all member states of the United Nations. The actions leading to the deaths of the two Polish civilians were not the first war crimes perpetrated by Russian forces on the civilians in and around Ukraine, and they won’t be the last. As I write this, Russian missiles are raining down on critical infrastructure sites all over Ukraine. This is an effort to bring the civilian population to its knees as cold winter weather begins to settle in. These are the same tactics used by Russian forces in Chechnya and Syria. As military efforts failed, the deliberate and brutal attacks on civilians and infrastructure began to escalate. According to the prosecutor general of Ukraine, at least 8,300 civilians have been killed in the war, including 437 children. Well over 10,000 civilians have been injured and millions have been displaced. We are witnessing cold blooded murder.
As I wrote in my blog “Putin’s War”, the International Criminal Court is impotent to prosecute Russia for war crimes. Therefore, the United Nations should act forcefully to hold Russia responsible for its crimes. Russia should be removed from the Security Council and have its United Nations membership revoked. If these actions require the rechartering of the United Nations, so be it.  This week the European Parliament designated Russia a state sponsor of terror. This move is largely symbolic, but it is a step in the right direction. But much more needs to be done. Russia’s actions in Ukraine are immoral, criminal, and outside the norms of civilized behavior. Russia must be stopped, and it’s president Vladimir Putin, convicted of war crimes.  If you enjoy reading this type of commentary please subscribe to my blog and tell a friend. You will receive an email notification when new blogs are posted. The email will come from the site’s email: armchairamerican1776 @gmail.com.
Thanks, Armchair American  Donald Trump believes that if he was still President the war in Ukraine would be much different, and may not have occurred at all. He is certainly entitled to his opinion. Trump’s interactions with Ukraine while he was in office, and his relations to Vladimir Putin tell a different story. Trump has not been shy about expressing his opinions since the outbreak of the war in Ukraine. So, it is not difficult to conjecture about the war in Ukraine under a Trump Administration. Donald Trump’s views on the end of the Afghanistan war, his interactions with Ukrainian President Zelensky, his lack of support for NATO, and his relationship to Putin, tell a very different story than what is actually unfolding.  Withdrawal from Afghanistan: Donald Trump and Republican leaders have been crowing in recent weeks that President Biden's “abrupt” end to the Afghanistan War showed American weakness and emboldened Putin to invade Ukraine. There is no evidence of this, and is ludicrous coming from Donald Trump. The truth is, the Trump Administration signed an agreement with the Taliban on February 29, 2020 for the complete withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan by May 2021. This agreement achieved no meaningful commitments from the Taliban, and essentially cut out the U.S. supported Afghanistan Government in Kabul. Before the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Trump was patting himself on the back for this agreement. In one Twitter post he stated “I started the process, all the troops are coming home, they (Biden) couldn’t stop the process”. On an April 18, 2021 post to his website, Trump stated “Getting out of Afghanistan is a wonderful and positive thing to do. I planned to withdraw on May 1”. He went further by criticizing President Biden for waiting until September 11, 2021 to withdraw the troops from Afghanistan. Putin has been planning to invade Ukraine and bring it under his orbit for many years. He showed his hand with the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014. Later that same year, Russian-backed separatists seized the Donbas region in eastern Ukraine by force. Even though the American withdrawal from Afghanistan was a botched affair, it had nothing to do with Putin’s decision to invade Ukraine. Ostensibly Trump would have executed the withdrawal from Afghanistan with precision, leaving no doubt about the military might of the United States, and giving pause to every world leader who opposed that might.  Donald Trump’s Relationship to Ukraine: Donald Trump’s relationship to Ukraine during his Presidency can best be described as scandalous. Trump attempted to get the government of Ukraine to open an investigation into the activities of candidate Joe Biden’s son, Hunter. During a phone call in 2019 to Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky, Donald Trump threatened to withhold nearly $400 million in Congressionally authorized military aid if he didn’t do Trump this favor. Trump also promised President Zelensky the honor of a White House visit if other favors were delivered. These quid pro quos damaged the prestige of the White House, and did little to solidify U.S-Ukraine relations. This appalling episode made President Zelensky look foolish, made Ukraine look like a tool of the West, and led to the first impeachment of Donald Trump. It is hard to believe that if Donald Trump was still President he would be Ukraine’s champion. Afterall, what would be in it for him?  Donald Trump’s Relationship to Vladimir Putin: As Russian tanks and troops amassed on the borders of Ukraine, Donald Trump called Putin a genius, very smart, and savvy. Once the invasion began, Trump called the Biden Administration weak, and member states of NATO “not so smart”. But in recent days, as the world turned against Putin and his invasion of Ukraine, Trump has done an about-face. Now “the Russian attack on Ukraine is appalling. It is an outrage, and an atrocity that should never have been allowed to occur”. The billion-dollar question is whether a President Trump would support, or at least turn a blind eye to Putin’s invasion of Ukraine. Let’s take a look at Trump’s words and deeds while in office, as a guidepost. Russia invaded and then annexed Crimea from Ukraine in 2014. This led to international condemnation and sanctions on Russia. It also led to the expulsion of Russia from the Group of Eight (G8), an inter-governmental political forum which includes France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. During a G7 meeting in 2018, Trump called for Russia to be reinstated, and questioned leaders as to why they sided with Ukraine over Russia. Afterall, Trump told the other leaders, “Ukraine is one of the most corrupt countries in the world”.  At a summit meeting with Vladimir Putin in Helsinki in the summer of 2018, Trump sided with Russia against his own U.S. intelligence agencies. At the summit, Trump disavowed the findings of U.S. intelligence agencies which had concluded that Russia had indeed interfered in the 2016 elections. Trump stated during a press conference that he believed Putin, who had told him that Russia had not meddled in the U.S. elections. Does this sound like a leader who would back Ukraine over Russia?  The NATO Alliance: The member states of NATO have come together swiftly and decisively to aid Ukraine against Russian aggression. We haven’t witnessed this much unity in NATO since the attacks on 9/11. The Swedes and Fins are considering joining NATO. Even Germany has been shaken from its pacifist stance to dramatically increase military spending and supply Ukraine with defensive weapons and supplies. Of course, Donald Trump takes credit for all of this. He stated on February 28 “There would be no NATO if I didn’t act strongly and swiftly”. But according to recent reports in The Washington Post and The New York Times, Trump told his senior administration officials on several occasions that he wanted to withdraw from the NATO alliance. In 2020 Trump ordered the withdrawal of about a third of U.S. troops stationed in Germany. If Trump had won the 2020 election it is possible that he would have followed through on his threats to withdraw from NATO. That would have severely weakened and undermined the alliance and played right into the hands of Vladimir Putin. According to Retired Admiral James G. Stavrids, the former Supreme Allied Commander of NATO, an American withdrawal from NATO would be “a geopolitical mistake of epic proportion”. What Trump doesn’t realize, is that his threats to withdraw from NATO undermined the alliance and actually emboldened Putin. What would Ukraine’s fate be if not for NATO? It would end up being annexed by Russia, and Russia would be on its way to recreating the U.S.S.R. President Biden has taken the lead on sanctioning Russia, providing military aid to Ukraine, and uniting the NATO alliance.  Donald Trump is using revisionism and twisted logic to paint himself as a friend to Ukraine and foe to Vladimir Putin. Just as with Vladimir Putin’s tortured justifications for invading Ukraine, the American people and the world will not be fooled. You can draw your own conclusions about the fate of Ukraine, and indeed the fate of the world, if Donald Trump was still President. But I for one am glad that Joe Biden is our President during this time of international conflict. The world would not be a safer place if one more leader of questionable emotional stability, had access to nuclear weapons.   If you enjoy reading this type of commentary please subscribe to my blog and tell a friend. You will receive an email notification when new blogs are posted. The email will come from the site’s email: armchairamerican1776 @gmail.com.
Thanks, Armchair American  On February 25, 2022 Russia’s President Vladimir Putin unleashed the largest military operation in Europe since World War II. Putin’s unprovoked invasion of the sovereign country of Ukraine shows what lengths he will go to in an attempt to rectify grievances, both real and imagined. Attacks on civilian targets in Ukraine show his disdain for human life. The shelling of nuclear installations demonstrates Putin’s disregard for the norms of a civilized nation, not to mention his indifference to unleashing toxic materials into the environment. The arrest of thousands of his fellow citizens who oppose him, and the suppression of the free press and social media within Russia, show his distrust and disdain for his own citizens. Putin’s initiation of an illegal war in the face of worldwide condemnation, shows his indifference to the international community. Putin will stop at nothing to achieve his aims, as demonstrated by his threat to use nuclear weapons against those who oppose him. For the sake of Ukraine, peace in Europe, and respect for democratic principles around the world, Putin must be stopped.  What Does Putin Hope to Gain: Putin has admitted to Western leaders that he will stop at nothing to achieve his goals in Ukraine, and the West should believe him. So, what are his goals? Simply put, to prevent Ukraine from ever joining any Western alliance which opposes Russia. Putin will not stop until he has overthrown Ukraine’s government headed by democratically elected President Volodymyr Zelensky, and replaced it with a puppet regime. Ultimately Putin hopes to annex the entire country of Ukraine, as he did with the Crimea in 2014, which is now part of Russia.  What Motivated Putin to Invade Ukraine: No one knows for sure what motivated Putin to invade his peaceful neighbor, which poses no threat to Russia. By all accounts, Putin has become isolated and paranoid in recent years, and this has only been compounded by the COVID pandemic. Putin claims that Russia’s invasion was to free Ukraine from oppression and “cleansed of the Nazis”, and to bring to justice “those who committed numerous bloody crimes against civilians”. This is nonsensical of course. You would think that the former KBG agent could come with something better than that. Many observers point to three major motivations behind Putin’s military assault on Ukraine: grievances stemming from the collapse of the Soviet Union, unchecked expansion by NATO resulting in security concerns, and protection of Russia’s energy markets (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/25/magazine/russia-united-states-world-politics.html).  Grievances: Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Putin has watched Russia’s prestige and influence dwindle on the global stage. Putin described the collapse of the Soviet Union as “the biggest geopolitical catastrophe of the century”. To Putin, the two world wars and the Holocaust were lesser events. Russia expected to be treated as an equal partner in world affairs with the United States, with the right to retain influence over countries in the former Soviet Bloc. But with Russia in chaos, this was not to be.  Security Issues: Putin claims that the United States reneged on its pledge not to expand NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) to countries bordering Russia. This pledge was never made (https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/why-nato-and-ukraine-are-a-flash-point-with-russia-30-after-the-end-of-the-cold-war). Russia has no right to dictate NATO’s membership. According to its chapter, NATO membership is open to “any other European state in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area” (https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm). Since the end of the cold war, fourteen former Soviet Bloc countries have joined NATO, including Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, which have borders with Russia. Ukraine is not a member of NATO, but the two entities did enter into a Comprehensive Assistance Package in 2016 (https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2016_09/20160920_160920-compreh-ass-package-ukra.pdf). NATO has made overtures to both Georgia and Ukraine, which is a line in the sand for Putin. President Zelensky of Ukraine has stated his intentions to join NATO as well as the European Union. This sealed his fate in the mind of Putin.
Protecting Russia’s Energy Sector: Oil and gas account for 60% of Russia’s export revenue and about 40% of its total budget expenditures. Europe is a huge natural gas market for Russia, and an inability to access this market threatens its economic security. Russia relies on a pipeline through Belarus and another through Ukraine to reach European markets. If Ukraine aligns with the West through the EU (European Union) or NATO, this threatens Russian’s pipelines and its economic stability. Petro dollars keep Putin in power, and he has calculated that the West would not threaten the flow of Russian oil and gas for fear of hurting their own economies. So far Putin’s calculation has proven correct.  Actions the West Should Take: Ukraine is one of the most impoverished countries in Europe. Despite the heroism and resolve of its people, Ukraine has no chance of repelling the military might of Russia and the resolve of Vladimir Putin. NATO won’t send combat troops into Ukraine or enforce a no-fly zone over its airspace for fear of escalating the war beyond the borders of Ukraine. No one knows for sure what will motivate Putin to end the war in Ukraine peacefully. But there are some things that the West can do to hurt Putin and Russia, and hopefully bring the conflict to an end. Here are some of them: 
 Consequences of Inaction: If the West does not act swiftly and decisively in defense of Ukraine, there will be long term consequences to the peace and security of the world. If Putin’s illegal actions against Ukraine go unpunished, he will be emboldened. This could lead to military actions against other former Soviet Bloc countries to prevent them from aligning with the West. It could also threaten the security of NATO members Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania which sit on Russia’s border. Putin sees the global erosion of democracy as a way to bolster and legitimize his own authoritarian moves. If Putin is allowed to succeed in Ukraine it will embolden autocrats in Belarus, Syria, Venezuela, Nicaragua, North Korea, China, and elsewhere. Vladimir Putin won’t just leave Ukraine with his tail between his legs. The war will be a prolonged and bloody affair. These are early days and if Putin has his back against the wall, the West has to be prepared for the worst. Should Ukraine be the sacrificial lamb for peace in Europe? No! This would only embolden Putin and other autocrats. It would also create a “false peace”, and the world would devolve into another “cold war”. We can’t let Putin pull the world into darkness. Russia needs to become part of the peaceful community of nations, and not hide behind the iron curtain of old.  The world can only hope that the crippling economic sanctions can cause enough civil unrest in Russia, and make enough oligarchs rethink their relationship to Putin, to remove him from office, or at the very least to get him to withdraw from Ukraine.  Let us all stand with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky for showing the world grace under fire, and what true leadership looks like. Let us also stand with the Ukrainian people who have demonstrated to the world true courage and the real meaning of patriotism.  If you enjoy reading this type of commentary please subscribe to my blog and tell a friend. You will receive an email notification when new blogs are posted. The email will come from the site’s email: armchairamerican1776 @gmail.com.
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